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Tuesday, December 24, 2024

The ethical challenge of power tripping in school-based management.

 

JOSHUA M. RANGCAPAN

Divine Word College of Laoag 

Abstract 

This paper seeks to study the effect of Power Tripping and its negative outcome in the delivery of quality service to its stakeholders within the concept of School-Based Management in Public Schools in the Philippines. School Administrators are vested with authority, accountability, and responsibility for ensuring access, promoting equality, and improving the quality of basic education. An ethical challenge arises when School Administrators misuses their authority for personal gain and interest. This could deter the actualization of the objectives of the organization, hence, causing failure to achieve the overall vision and mission. In spite of this, Transformational Leadership plays a pivotal role for the reason that it emphasizes on inspiring and motivating employees to perform in ways that create meaningful change.

Keywords:     Leadership and Governance, School-Based Management,

 Accountability, Transformational Leadership 

Introduction 

In any organization, leaders have so many responsibilities and some of the workload needed to be delegated to others. Delegation is an advanced Leadership Skills. In delegation, it is implied that one member has been empowered by one’s leader to take responsibility in completing a certain activity or task.  The International Institute for Management Development (2024) gave emphasis to delegation in leadership promotes individual employee growth. It encourages them to be confident  in their abilities and recognize their contribution to the organization. Employees will identify their strengths and weaknesses and can craft an effective strategy to improve in areas lacking. Harvard Business Review (2017) also stressed that in delegation, leaders inspire employees’ commitment. People get excited about what’s possible, but they commit only when they understand their role in making it happen.

In relation to this, Republic Act No. 9155 known as Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001, School Administrators were provided the mandate for decentralized system of school management. In public schools, School Administrators is composed of a School Head and one or more Administrative Officers. This allowed them the freedom to manage administrative and instructional supervision of their respective designated school(s).

Being an Administrative Officer, I consider the act of Power Tripping to be morally not right and hinders School Administrators to be an efficient and effective Leader.  Power tripping occurs when Schools Administrators misuse their authority e.g., delegate task for their personal benefit and interest to Administrative Staffs and/or Teachers. Abuse of power can be defined as any excessive exercise of a power by an individual, it’s when that individual uses their capabilities outside the usual scope of action or, in simpler terms, they exceed the limit of their rights (De Silans, 2020).

The Effects of Power Tripping to the Organization and Employees

The misuse or abuse of authority for personal gain and interest committed by leaders have detrimental effect to the organization as well as to the employee. Wejinya, O. O., & Agwoje, S. E. (2023) pointed up that the quality of an organization's leadership has a significant impact on its growth, productivity, and success. An organization's bottom line might take a serious hit if its leadership makes certain bad choices.

The following are the effects of Power Tripping to the Organization as a whole and its impact to the individual employees:

a)    Mission, Vision, Goals and Objectives of the Organization are not satisfied. A Mission statement is important for an organization because it defines the business, products or services, and customers, thereby defining the primary objective. Vision on the other hand, focuses on its goals and aspirations, which describes how the future will look if the organization achieves its mission. The vision and mission statements define the purpose of the organization and instill a sense of belonging and identity to the employees (OpenGrowth, n.d.).

A Power Tripping Leader derails from the achievement of the organization’s mission and vision because resources will be channeled to his personal gain and interest.

b)    Poor Reputation. Leaders who misuses their authority can severely harm an organization’s reputation. When employees are unhappy and have lost trust in the leadership, they are more likely to speak negatively about the organization. Whether it is communicated internally within the organization or externally, both can have a damaging impact on the organization’s image and brand. Additionally, there is a possibility of attracting negative media attention which can further harm the organization’s reputation.

c)    Increased employee burnout, stress and anxiety. When employees have to deal with critical behavior, it can lead to a lot of stress and anxiety and negatively impacts their mental health. In addition, negative leadership can result in a toxic work environment, which can make it difficult for employees to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

d)    Diminished Employee Morale. One of the most immediate impacts is a decrease in employee morale as well as overall job satisfaction. Leaders who power trip often engage in behaviors such as micromanagement and aggressive criticism which can be both demoralizing and damaging to an employee’s self-esteem and confidence which in turn directly impacts their work performance. Employees will not go above and above if they have no loyalty to the organization they work for. This might hinder the organization's capacity to innovate and reach its objectives.

e)    Increased Employee Turnover and Absenteeism. Leadership that misuse/abuse their authority can also contribute to high employee turnover rates. When employees have lost confidence in the leadership and are unhappy with their working environment, they are likely to look for other job opportunities or even avoid work altogether.

The Pivotal Role of Transformational Leadership

The University of Massachusetts (n.d.) emphasized that transformational leaders inspire employees in ways that go beyond exchanges and rewards. This approach can increase a team’s intrinsic motivation by expressing the value and purpose behind the organization’s goals.

The following are the components of transformational leadership:

a)    Individualized consideration. Transformational leaders listen to employees’ concerns and needs so they can provide adequate support. They operate from the understanding that what motivates one person may not motivate someone else. As a result, they’re able to adapt their management styles to accommodate various individuals on their team.

b)    Inspirational motivation. Transformational leaders are able to articulate a unified vision that encourages team members to exceed expectations. They understand that the most motivated employees are the ones who have a strong sense of purpose. These leaders are not afraid to challenge employees. They remain optimistic about future goals and are skilled at giving meaning to the tasks at hand.

c)    Idealized influence. Transformational leaders model ethical behavior. Their moral conduct earns a necessary level of respect and trust. This can help leaders steer decision-making that works to improve the entire organization.

d)    Intellectual stimulation. Transformational leaders regularly challenge assumptions, take risks and solicit team members' input and ideas. They don't fear failure, and instead foster an environment where it's safe to have conversations, be creative and voice diverse perspectives. This empowers employees to ask questions, practice a greater level of autonomy and ultimately determine more effective ways to execute their tasks.

The following are traits of successful transformational leaders:

a)    Good transformational leaders practice self-awareness. Transformational leaders thrive on personal growth and know their strengths and weaknesses. They often take time to reflect and set daily or weekly goals. These leaders believe everyone, including themselves, should be continually learning and improving.

b)    They remain open-minded. Remaining open to new ideas and fresh perspectives is an important aspect of transformational leadership. Rather than jumping to conclusions, these leaders regularly gather feedback and ideas from a range of sources before making strategic decisions.

c)    The best transformational leaders are adaptable and innovative. Good transformational leaders understand changing business dynamics and are always finding innovative ways to stay ahead of the curve. They’re unafraid to alter traditional approaches that have worked in the past as they look toward the future.

d)    Good transformational leaders are proactive. Leaders cannot simply sit around and wait for change to happen. Rather, they make proactive decisions and bold choices that can set the tone for others to follow.

e)    They lead with humility. Finally, transformational leaders take little issue with admitting they don’t have all the answers. While they can remain confident in their goals and abilities, they’re also able to keep their egos in check and do what’s right for their team or organization.

Conclusion

Misuse of authority exhibits far-reaching consequences on an organization's productivity. Bad management have a detrimental influence on employee attitudes, output, and commitment to the organization. The cumulative consequence of these issues is lower output and higher turnover.

The presence of ethical leadership, training and development programs, promotion of ethical behavior, employee involvement, clear standards of behavior, acknowledgment for good performance, and possibilities for growth all contribute to a productive workplace. Incorporating this may boost morale, teamwork, and decision-making effectiveness in the organization.

Trust, open communication, and mutual regard among workers are the strongest defense against incompetent management. If leaders want to gain followers' trust, they must be made to answer for their deeds. Providing employees with opportunities for growth and development may enhance morale and mitigate the effects of incompetent management. Weak leadership has systemic consequences, which necessitate a systemic approach to coping with them.

A transformational leadership style inspires employees to strive beyond required expectations to work toward a shared vision. Learning to balance these can help leaders reach their full potential. In order to build and maintain a performance-driven culture, it is crucial to set and monitor specific performance targets, as well as provide regular feedback on success.

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

 

Department of Education. (2012). DepEd Order No. 83, s. 2012. Implementing Guidelines on the Revised School-Based Management (SBM) Framework, Assessment Process and Tool (APAT). Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph

Department of Education. (2015). DepEd Order No. 44, s. 2015. Guidelines on the Enhance School Improvement Planning (SIP) Process and the School Report Card (SRC). Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph

De Silans, C. (2020). Power tripping: what to do when someone misuses their authority at work. Retrieved from https://www.welcometothejungle.com/en/articles/preventing-power-tripping-abuse-at-work

Harvard Business Review. (2017). To be a great leader, you have to learn how to delegate well. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/10/to-be-a-great-leader-you-have-to-learn-how-to-delegate-well

International Institute for Management Development. (2024). Everything you need to know about delegative leadership. Retrieved from https://www.imd.org/blog/leadership/ delegative-leadership

Kumar, S. (2024). 8 Damaging effects of negative leadership. Retrieved from https://6q.io/blog/effects-of-negative-leadership/

OpenGrowth. (n.d.). Mission And Vision- Why Is It Important? Retrieved from https://www.blogs.opengrowth.com/mission-and-vision-why-is-it-important

 

Republic Act No. 9155. (2001). Governance of basic education Act of 2001. Retrieved from https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/7353

University of Massachusetts. (n.d.). What is transformational leadership? Understanding the impact of inspirational guidance. Retrieved from https://www.umassglobal.edu/ news-and-events/blog/what-is-transformational-leadership

Wejinya, O. O., & Agwoje, S. E. (2023). Negative Effects of Leadership on Organizational Performance. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 16(4), 368-379. Retrieved from https://www.ijsre.com.ng/assets

 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_265-1

Thursday, November 28, 2024

Crab mentality: A must be avoided in a workplace

 Regie P. Lizardo

Baoa East Elementary School, Schools Division of the City of Batac

Abstract

            This perspective examines the negative consequences of crab mentality in the workplace, with a particular emphasis on how common it is in the Philippines. It looks at how this mindset hold back organizational growth, reduces productivity, and weakens team bonding. The article emphasizes the need to encourage cooperation and support among coworkers as fundamental principles for success and peace in the workplace through philosophical and cultural lenses.

Keywords:

Crab mentality, workplace, Philippine culture, teamwork, professional ethics

Introduction

Crab mentality, often referred to as the "crab-bucket effect," is a significant issue in the Philippine workplace, characterized by individuals declining each other's success. This phenomenon can lead to increased job stress and a toxic work environment, as employees may feel threatened by the achievements of their peers, resulting in a culture of competition rather than collaboration (Soubhari & Kumar, 2014). This mindset, which is represented by jealousy and partiality to hinder the advancement of others, is a widespread cultural problem that affects many facets of life, including the workplace. This paper explores the causes, expressions, and effects of crab mentality in Philippine workplaces, highlighting the need to steer clear of this trait to direct a supportive and effective work environment.

Understanding the Roots of Crab Mentality in Filipino Culture

            Crab mentality is often linked to deeply rooted sociocultural factors, such as the struggle for scarce resources and the collectivist nature of Filipino society. While collectivism typically emphasizes cooperation, studies suggest that crab mentality persists across cultural contexts, underscoring its inherent nature in workplace dynamics (Ece, 2024). Despite being taught to value community harmony, Filipinos may sometimes experience distorted priorities under the pressure of competitive circumstances, leading to unhealthy competitiveness.

How Crab Mentality Shows Up in the Workplace

            Crab mentality frequently shows out in the workplace as actions like talking, hiding important information, disparaging coworkers, or weakening the achievements of others. These behaviors raise a poisonous environment where trust is damaged, and workers are deterred from performing to the best of their abilities out of concern for negative consequences.

The Effects of Crab Mentality on Workplace Productivity and Morale

            This characteristic pose significant challenges in the workplace, weakening both individual and organizational success. It stifles creativity and teamwork as employees become reluctant to collaborate or share ideas. This toxic environment often leads to high turnover rates, as individuals seek healthier work settings, preventing organizations from achieving their full potential. Furthermore, it disproportionately affects career advancement for women, contributing to the glass ceiling phenomenon. This not only impacts their job satisfaction but also increases their likelihood of leaving their roles (Jafari et al., 2023).

A Philosophical Look at Crab Mentality

            The "Philosophy of Man" highlights the fundamental human principles of mutual flourishing and interconnectivity, which stand in direct opposition to the crab mentality. Philosophers like Aristotle emphasize the importance of living a moral life within a community where individuals support and benefit from one another's achievements. Embracing this perspective could significantly mitigate the harmful effects of crab mentality in the workplace. Key factors driving crab mentality include egocentrism, jealousy, and perceived inequity, all of which contribute to workplace dissatisfaction and heightened stress levels (Aydin & OÄŸuzhan, 2019).

Practical Ways to Overcome Crab Mentality in the Workplace

            It takes aggressive measures to combat crab mentality in the workplace and promotes a supportive, cooperative atmosphere. Organizations can stand-in a culture that supports cooperation and mutual aid by putting into practice procedures that advance trust, acknowledgement, and personal development.

1.      Promoting a Culture of Recognition: Creating an environment that values both individual and collective accomplishments fosters optimism and lessens feelings of envy. According to Aydin and OÄŸuzhan (2019), putting in place recognition systems that highlight achievements can reduce feelings of inadequacy, foster a more positive competitive spirit, and encourage teamwork.

2.      Encouraging Open Communication: Effective and transparent communication decreases misconceptions and increases trust. A more friendly and cooperative atmosphere can be created by promoting candid conversations regarding feelings of competitiveness and envy, which offers a chance to address underlying problems (Владимирoвич, 2014).

3.      Leadership by Example: Colleagues are motivated to emulate leaders who exhibit humility and teamwork. Leaders can provide direction and assistance by implementing mentorship programs, and assisting people in overcoming obstacles in a positive way and without turning to destructive means (Spacey, 2015).

4.      Professional Development Programs: Employees can unlearn harmful patterns by participating in courses on team building and emotional intelligence. Organizations enable people to concentrate on their own personal development and divert their emphasis from unhealthy comparisons with others by providing training and development resources (Mehtta, 2021).

Conclusion

Crab mentality remains a significant cultural challenge in the Philippines, eroding workplace harmony and productivity. Organizations can create an atmosphere where cooperation and group achievement are prioritized by recognizing its causes and addressing its detrimental effects. By doing this, workplaces become locations where people develop their humanity, virtue, and personal development rather than just being hubs of economic activity. Crab mentality appears to be a problem that is not limited to collectivist societies but rather occurs in various organizational contexts, according to research by Ece (2024). Resolving this issue is essential to creating workplaces that are healthier and more cooperative

References

Aristotle. (1999). Nicomachean Ethics (Translated by W.D. Ross). Batoche Books.

Gizem, Z. A., & Gülpembe, O. (2019).  The “crabs in a bucket” mentality in healthcare personnel: a phenomenological study.   Hitit Ãœniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(2), 618-630. https://doi.org/10.17218/HITITSOSBIL.628375

Megnaa, M. (2021). Crab antics: the moral and political economy of greed accusations in the submerging Sundarbans delta of India. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 27(36).  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.13551

Sakineh, J., Nazanin, F., Forouzande., L. Nadafzadeh, S., & Mahdiye, A., Z. (2023).  The role of crab mentality syndrome and the glass ceiling phenomenon on female teachers' career success and happiness at work with the mediation of turnover intention.   Journal of Managing Education in Organizations, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.61186/meo.12.4.43

Spacey, A. S. (2015). Crab Mentality, Cyberbullying and "Name and Shame" Rankings. Retrieved from   https://www.semanticscholar.org

Sison, A. J. G. (2007). Corporate virtue: Ethical management practices in the Philippines. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Süreyya, Ece. (2024).  Crab Syndrome in Business Life and Collectivist/Individualist Culture. International Journal in Business and Economy, 6(2), 82-89.  https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1454123

Tuazon, R. R. (2014). Crab mentality in Philippine workplaces: A cultural critique. Philippine Journal of Management and Organization, 30(2), 89-98.

Tushar, S., & Yathish, K. (2014). The crab-bucket effect and its impact on job stress: – An exploratory study with reference to autonomous colleges. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 2(10).  https://doi.org/10.17762/IJRITCC.V2I10.3342

 

Practical ethics and leadership integrity: A literature review on the ethical practices of Filipino Certified Public Accountants (CPAs)

by: Jesus B. Reyes, CPA, MBA Divine Word College of Laoag- Graduate School of Business Abstract This literature review explores the ethi...