Crab mentality: A must be avoided in a workplace

 Regie P. Lizardo

Baoa East Elementary School, Schools Division of the City of Batac

Abstract

            This perspective examines the negative consequences of crab mentality in the workplace, with a particular emphasis on how common it is in the Philippines. It looks at how this mindset hold back organizational growth, reduces productivity, and weakens team bonding. The article emphasizes the need to encourage cooperation and support among coworkers as fundamental principles for success and peace in the workplace through philosophical and cultural lenses.

Keywords:

Crab mentality, workplace, Philippine culture, teamwork, professional ethics

Introduction

Crab mentality, often referred to as the "crab-bucket effect," is a significant issue in the Philippine workplace, characterized by individuals declining each other's success. This phenomenon can lead to increased job stress and a toxic work environment, as employees may feel threatened by the achievements of their peers, resulting in a culture of competition rather than collaboration (Soubhari & Kumar, 2014). This mindset, which is represented by jealousy and partiality to hinder the advancement of others, is a widespread cultural problem that affects many facets of life, including the workplace. This paper explores the causes, expressions, and effects of crab mentality in Philippine workplaces, highlighting the need to steer clear of this trait to direct a supportive and effective work environment.

Understanding the Roots of Crab Mentality in Filipino Culture

            Crab mentality is often linked to deeply rooted sociocultural factors, such as the struggle for scarce resources and the collectivist nature of Filipino society. While collectivism typically emphasizes cooperation, studies suggest that crab mentality persists across cultural contexts, underscoring its inherent nature in workplace dynamics (Ece, 2024). Despite being taught to value community harmony, Filipinos may sometimes experience distorted priorities under the pressure of competitive circumstances, leading to unhealthy competitiveness.

How Crab Mentality Shows Up in the Workplace

            Crab mentality frequently shows out in the workplace as actions like talking, hiding important information, disparaging coworkers, or weakening the achievements of others. These behaviors raise a poisonous environment where trust is damaged, and workers are deterred from performing to the best of their abilities out of concern for negative consequences.

The Effects of Crab Mentality on Workplace Productivity and Morale

            This characteristic pose significant challenges in the workplace, weakening both individual and organizational success. It stifles creativity and teamwork as employees become reluctant to collaborate or share ideas. This toxic environment often leads to high turnover rates, as individuals seek healthier work settings, preventing organizations from achieving their full potential. Furthermore, it disproportionately affects career advancement for women, contributing to the glass ceiling phenomenon. This not only impacts their job satisfaction but also increases their likelihood of leaving their roles (Jafari et al., 2023).

A Philosophical Look at Crab Mentality

            The "Philosophy of Man" highlights the fundamental human principles of mutual flourishing and interconnectivity, which stand in direct opposition to the crab mentality. Philosophers like Aristotle emphasize the importance of living a moral life within a community where individuals support and benefit from one another's achievements. Embracing this perspective could significantly mitigate the harmful effects of crab mentality in the workplace. Key factors driving crab mentality include egocentrism, jealousy, and perceived inequity, all of which contribute to workplace dissatisfaction and heightened stress levels (Aydin & Oğuzhan, 2019).

Practical Ways to Overcome Crab Mentality in the Workplace

            It takes aggressive measures to combat crab mentality in the workplace and promotes a supportive, cooperative atmosphere. Organizations can stand-in a culture that supports cooperation and mutual aid by putting into practice procedures that advance trust, acknowledgement, and personal development.

1.      Promoting a Culture of Recognition: Creating an environment that values both individual and collective accomplishments fosters optimism and lessens feelings of envy. According to Aydin and Oğuzhan (2019), putting in place recognition systems that highlight achievements can reduce feelings of inadequacy, foster a more positive competitive spirit, and encourage teamwork.

2.      Encouraging Open Communication: Effective and transparent communication decreases misconceptions and increases trust. A more friendly and cooperative atmosphere can be created by promoting candid conversations regarding feelings of competitiveness and envy, which offers a chance to address underlying problems (Владимирoвич, 2014).

3.      Leadership by Example: Colleagues are motivated to emulate leaders who exhibit humility and teamwork. Leaders can provide direction and assistance by implementing mentorship programs, and assisting people in overcoming obstacles in a positive way and without turning to destructive means (Spacey, 2015).

4.      Professional Development Programs: Employees can unlearn harmful patterns by participating in courses on team building and emotional intelligence. Organizations enable people to concentrate on their own personal development and divert their emphasis from unhealthy comparisons with others by providing training and development resources (Mehtta, 2021).

Conclusion

Crab mentality remains a significant cultural challenge in the Philippines, eroding workplace harmony and productivity. Organizations can create an atmosphere where cooperation and group achievement are prioritized by recognizing its causes and addressing its detrimental effects. By doing this, workplaces become locations where people develop their humanity, virtue, and personal development rather than just being hubs of economic activity. Crab mentality appears to be a problem that is not limited to collectivist societies but rather occurs in various organizational contexts, according to research by Ece (2024). Resolving this issue is essential to creating workplaces that are healthier and more cooperative

References

Aristotle. (1999). Nicomachean Ethics (Translated by W.D. Ross). Batoche Books.

Gizem, Z. A., & Gülpembe, O. (2019).  The “crabs in a bucket” mentality in healthcare personnel: a phenomenological study.   Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(2), 618-630. https://doi.org/10.17218/HITITSOSBIL.628375

Megnaa, M. (2021). Crab antics: the moral and political economy of greed accusations in the submerging Sundarbans delta of India. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 27(36).  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.13551

Sakineh, J., Nazanin, F., Forouzande., L. Nadafzadeh, S., & Mahdiye, A., Z. (2023).  The role of crab mentality syndrome and the glass ceiling phenomenon on female teachers' career success and happiness at work with the mediation of turnover intention.   Journal of Managing Education in Organizations, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.61186/meo.12.4.43

Spacey, A. S. (2015). Crab Mentality, Cyberbullying and "Name and Shame" Rankings. Retrieved from   https://www.semanticscholar.org

Sison, A. J. G. (2007). Corporate virtue: Ethical management practices in the Philippines. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Süreyya, Ece. (2024).  Crab Syndrome in Business Life and Collectivist/Individualist Culture. International Journal in Business and Economy, 6(2), 82-89.  https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1454123

Tuazon, R. R. (2014). Crab mentality in Philippine workplaces: A cultural critique. Philippine Journal of Management and Organization, 30(2), 89-98.

Tushar, S., & Yathish, K. (2014). The crab-bucket effect and its impact on job stress: – An exploratory study with reference to autonomous colleges. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 2(10).  https://doi.org/10.17762/IJRITCC.V2I10.3342

 

United through bayanihan spirit: INRSF narrative during Pandemic

 Julianne Grace Bugaoisan Rarangol

Divine Word College of Laoag

Abstract

In the wake of the pandemic brought about by COVID-19, a lot of challenges bombarded different sectors and industries all over the world. These changes and challenges did not excuse the fraction of the academe. Academic institutions tediously studied how to adjust and adapt to the new normal in the academe. Ilocos Norte Regional School of Fisheries was fortunate with the continued community engagement of the five barangays of Metro La Paz. It hurdled all the drawbacks brought about by the restriction of face-to-face classes. Indeed, Bayanihan which is a spirit of communal unity and cooperation in achieving a goal without expecting anything in return, still lives. This narrative not only showcases the resilience and unity of the INRSF community but also underscores the enduring relevance of the Bayanihan spirit in overcoming crises. It highlights the innovative approaches employed in remote learning, resource sharing, and community outreach efforts to lessen the effects of the pandemic.

Keywords: Bayanihan Spirit, Community Engagement, New Normal, Pandemic 

Introduction

For 56 years since its establishment in 1968 as a community high school, INRSF has lived to its commitment to developing learners in the field of technical and vocational education with majors in Aquaculture, Fish Capture and Fish and Food Processing. Situated along the coast of the South China Sea and the banks of the Padsan River, INRSF utilizes real-life laboratories for the development of the learners’ skills.

The limitations and restrictions imposed by COVID-19 brought the school to unexplored and rediscovered horizons. The face-to-face classes evolved into various learning modalities that suited the capabilities, resources, preferences and presence of learning facilitators at home. 588 learners of INRSF chose the printed modular learning modality while 88 others took digital modular learning modality. Despite the absence of face-to-face classes and the unavailability of online classes, the teachers still endeavour to develop the minimum learning competencies prescribed by DepEd in TVE/TVL and GAS by constantly monitoring, following up and providing enrichment and remedial activities.

Surviving the pandemic alone would be very difficult without a helping hand. INRSF is blessed for being surrounded by stakeholders who are greatly supportive of the provision of the needs of learners and the school. Despite the meagre MOOE amounting to a little above 800 thousand, the modules for the 588 learners are continuously provided without delays. With the stakeholder's help, 8 new printers were recently purchased, along with reams of bond papers and ink. More than these donations are the stakeholders' time and sacrifices from Monday to Sunday for the delivery and retrieval of modules and answer sheets. The Barangay Officials, health workers and barangay police each have a schedule to man the barangay hall for the distribution of modules. The SK officials extended their own share of help by distributing health kits, multivitamins and school supplies in all grade levels from junior high school to senior high school. INRSF truly continues to live with the nurturing hands of the whole La Paz Community. 

Bayanihan as a Filipino Value

Bayan is the Filipino word for country, and bayanihan means "being in the country," but the phrase is most usually used to describe "a sense of social unity, effort, and collaboration toward a common goal. The idea comes from an old rural custom in which people helped families relocate their homes by placing them on bamboo stilts. This Filipino ethic exemplifies the principle of helping people in need without expecting anything in return (Ganzon, 2019).

 According to Gertrude Ang, the bayanihan spirit is an ancient Filipino custom that symbolizes the idea of group work. This core Filipino value entails both individual and communal action to aid the community. It is known as tulongan or damayan, which is a system of mutual help that serves as the backbone of family and village life in the Philippines. It can also be expressed as pagkakaisa, which means to be one or united. In essence, the bayanihan spirit fosters togetherness and unity in the community as they help others.

Filipinos usually seek assistance from one another in times of need. Bayanihan is a common term for this type of community support. Filipinos have always worked together to overcome the obstacles of living in their dangerous homeland, whether caused by natural or human causes. Except, evidently, it no longer does, and Filipinos are now being advised that the very characteristics that made their communities so strong in the past have been turned into their biggest vulnerability by the COVID-19 epidemic. Even the name bayanihan has been publicly modified to represent wholly new meanings through law and government initiatives (Bankoff, 2020).

Overcoming Challenges: The Educational Shift

In the first year of the pandemic, Filipinos from different walks of life contributed in various ways, exemplifying the bayanihan spirit. According to local artists, designers, and entrepreneurs, they stepped out of their comfort zones to lend a hand to the nation’s frontliners against the disease (Ang, 1979).

When the pandemic led to nationwide lockdowns, INRSF, like many institutions, faced the sudden closure of its physical classrooms. As the school’s primary function is the provision of technical and vocational education in fisheries, shifting to online learning was not a simple transition. Many students did not have access to the necessary tools such as reliable internet connections, gadgets, or the quiet space required for focused study. Teachers, too, had to adapt quickly to new modes of instruction and create lesson plans that could be delivered effectively online.

In line with the Bayanihan spirit, the school community responded to these challenges with resilience and resourcefulness. Faculty members, many of whom were used to face-to-face interactions, used their time and expertise to learn new digital teaching strategies, ensuring that students received quality education. They held webinars and online workshops to help students adjust to the new learning environment, while also addressing their emotional and mental well-being, which was often compromised by the uncertainty of the situation.

Moreover, the school's leadership emphasized the importance of community engagement. With the pandemic affecting many families in the region, the school encouraged faculty, students, and alumni to participate in outreach activities, such as providing assistance to those who were struggling to access educational resources. Through donations of gadgets, food, and funds, the Bayanihan spirit was rekindled within the walls of the school, transforming the institution into a hub of shared support.

Community Outreach and Social Responsibility

One of the most notable aspects of the Ilocos Norte Regional School of Fisheries' response to the pandemic was its emphasis on community outreach. The institution, driven by its responsibility as a center for education in a region reliant on fisheries and agriculture, took steps to support local communities beyond the classroom. The school recognized the struggles of local fisherfolk, farmers, and families whose livelihoods were deeply affected by the pandemic, including disruptions to the supply chain and market access.

To help sustain these local industries, the school organized initiatives that involved both students and faculty. Students, with guidance from their teachers, conducted research on ways to support local fishing communities, such as recommending alternative ways to market and distribute their products. The school also assisted local farmers by helping them adopt sustainable practices that were more resilient to the disruptions caused by the pandemic.

Conclusion

The Ilocos Norte Regional School of Fisheries demonstrated a remarkable example of how the Bayanihan spirit continued to thrive even in the most trying circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a time when physical distance became necessary, the school found ways to foster unity, compassion, and cooperation. From adapting to online education to reaching out to local communities in need, the INRSF community showcased the resilience and collective responsibility that are at the heart of Filipino culture.

As the pandemic gradually becomes a part of history, the lessons learned by INRSF can serve as a model for how educational institutions can maintain a strong sense of community, even in the face of unprecedented challenges. The continued practice of Bayanihan, both within and beyond the classroom, will undoubtedly remain a guiding force for future generations, teaching them that unity in times of crisis is not just a value, but a lifeline that can lead to enduring strength and solidarity.

References:

Ang, G., (1979). The bayanihan spirit: dead or alive.  Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, University of San Carlos publication. Vol. 7 (1/2).

Aña, A. M. “The culture of the Philippine islands: Bayanihan in Philippine society. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies, 2017, 77–83.

Kalkan, S. (2019). Bayanihan: A Filipino tradition of unity and camaraderie.  Live in the Philippines, Retrieved September 13, 2024, from  www.liveinthephilippines.com/bayanihan-a-filipino-tradition-of-unity-and-camaraderie/.

Nadal, K. (2018). What Is bayanihan? Exploringthe  Filipino spirit of community and support.  HuffPost, Retrieved September 15, 2024 from  www.huffpost.com/entry/what-is-bayanihan-exploring-filipino-spirit-of-community-and-support_b_55d40a67e4b077ca094624a8.

Office of Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (2020). Bayanihan Ni Juan: The Filipino Spirit at Its Finest. Gov.Ph. https://peace.gov. ph/2020/04/bayanihan-ni-juan-the-filipino-spirit-at-its-finest/.

 

Modern technology, reshaping the concept of humanity

 Mark P. Valiente

Divine Word College of Laoag

 Abstract

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and digital networks such as social media, there arises a magnanimous question: How is modern technology reshaping the concept of humanity?

The transformative capabilities of technology provide an unprecedented manoeuvre in the human landscape and the understanding of what it really means to exist as one perfect creation of God. It has offered enhancements to human intellect, physicality, and social connections. Thus, the continuous developments in our technology spark concern that the very advancements may erode aspects of human genuineness, autonomy, and uniqueness.

This discourse explores the philosophical implications of our growing reliance on technology, pondering whether technology serves as a tool to improve human welfare or as a factor that alters the very core of human existence.

Keywords: modern technology, reshaping humanity, co-evolving with technology, humanism, transhumanism

Introduction

The relationship between technology and human identity has evolved throughout history, and nowadays, the rapid pace of technological advancements is reshaping our understanding of human nature. Throughout the annals of history, humanity has consistently depended on tools to enhance their capabilities, commencing with the invention of the wheel and leading to the creation of the printing press and the superlative convenience brought by the different technological applications and gadgets that we are all enjoying.

The question now is, as our plight to modernize kept on escalating, what is left to our sense of humanity. Are we, in the course of modernizing our world, already forgotten our innate identity and the values we need to uphold just to keep up with the fast and vast development around us. These queries, though may have some answers, may remain to be echoes twirling along the winds of humanity.

Human Identity Co-evolves with the Growing Technology

The progress in AI technology, capable of performing tasks typically associated with human intelligence such as thinking, learning, and creativity, prompts us to ponder over the essence of human consciousness and agency. Certain philosophers argue that the emulation of human cognitive functions by artificial intelligence might challenge the unique nature of human identity and self-awareness (Bostrom, 2013).

As technology continues to grow and is increasingly integrated into our everyday lives, our identity as humans and the artificial systems we live by may now be less defined. This only speaks of how technology reshaped our understanding of the world we live in and the understanding of the person we ought to be. Our dependence on technology totally placed us in possibilities we thought we could never cross.

As technology takes a big chunk of our daily routines, our understanding of what is human, how should humans be, why we need to follow this as humans and the theoretical foundations and philosophies that engulf us literally flip and change. There are ethical norms that no longer conform to societal precedence because of the influence of technological media.

As social media continues to flourish, so as the “truth of others”. When we say the truth of others, we are referring to what others perceive as reality. Therefore, there is a challenge to all of us living in this generation, to be more decerning of the world and influence that others may inculcate into our lives and way of living.

Technology Influences Human Judgment

We are now living in what they call a “cyborg identity”, a human living within the call of technology. It is very sad to see that even our sound judgements of what is good and bad are now dictated by the technological influences managed by programs, media and other applications we see online. Human perception has totally changed, and so are the values and core of humanity.

As humans increasingly depend on technological advancements to make decisions that were traditionally guided by human judgement, concerns emerge regarding the reliability of technology in upholding the ethical principles of humanity.

Well, everything online leans to the power of algorithms. The more views and searches, the more hype and traffic it causes, and the more it surfaces as a top body of information. The more it is promoted, the more it is taken as the real deal. According to scholars like Cathy O’Neil(2016), algorithms may appear neutral at first glance, but they frequently mirror the biases of the creators.

In her book, Weapon of Math Destruction," O'Neil showcases various instances where algorithms can perpetuate bias and uphold current disparities. For example: An advertisement would say that there is a discovery that makes humans immortal just by taking in their manufactured pill. Most of us might be so curious about such, that we tend to patronize or react on the post. The engagement that we do creates an algorithm that would influence others. With the number of engagements, people may believe that it may be an effective pill and the claims may be factual.

Remember this, when our sound judgment is already compromised because of the noise we see online or due to the influence of technology, we should always go back to our core and try to weigh things up because humans are rational beings- we have the capacity to think wisely if we want to

Humanism vs Transhumanism

Humanism and transhumanism play a significant role in shaping our understanding of human identity and philosophy, providing unique viewpoints on the essence of humanity and the possibilities lying ahead.

Humanism embraces a perspective that acknowledges the worth of every individual, our collective accountability, and the possibility of advancement through learning and improving society. From a philosophical standpoint, it asserts the inherent value of human life, emphasizing that our identity is crafted by our experiences and ethical decisions. This approach is all-encompassing and firmly rooted in human values (Kurtz, 2007).

On the other hand, transhumanism prompts deep philosophical inquiries into consciousness, personal identity, and the soul. In a scenario where technological advancements or mind uploading become achievable, the distinction between human and "posthuman" identities could become ambiguous (Kurzweil, 2005). The perspective on identity implies that human nature is flexible and can be influenced by technological advancements, challenging conventional ideas of human existence.

Divergent philosophies give rise to a philosophical conflict concerning the evolution of human identity. Humanism being the traditional philosophy that underscores human existence is now challenged by transhumanism, creating an identity crisis among the generations of the present and of the future.  

Conclusion

            While it is true that part of humanity is technology, we should not also forget that technology should not dictate our way of living as humans. Technology can enhance our lives and understanding of humanity, but it should not override our basic human essence. Human identity is deeply connected to our biology, emotions, and ethical values, and technological progress should respect and protect these aspects. It is important to use technology to improve humanity's well-being without altering our core principles. Advancements must be in line with human dignity, empathy, and societal responsibilities to ensure a harmonious future where technology complements our humanity rather than challenges it.

References

Bostrom, N. (2013). Transhumanist values. In W. W. G. Johnson (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (pp. 49-71). Cambridge University Press.

Kurtz, P. (2007). The philosophy of humanism. Prometheus Books.

Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near When humans transcend biology. Viking.

O'Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown Publishing Group.

 

Strengthening moral values through spiritual and mental wellness

 MELBA R. VILORIA

Filipinas West ES, San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte

Abstract

            Moral values encompass living a life aligned with what is good and what is right. It expands to living with ethical values and social standards that are noteworthy and in conformity not only with the laws of man or the laws of the land but with the infinite laws which govern every human action. Along with moving forward with a life worth living for, there is a need to look back and think also of spiritual and mental health awareness. By being mindful of spiritual and mental health aspects, man in turn will become more aware of his actions, deepen his sense of responsibility, think of the consequences of every choice given to him and radiate a long-lasting effect that will always be remembered. Through this, that life given was spent meaningfully dedicated not to personal gain or pleasure but to goodness and conformity with what is right, true and just.

Keywords:

Moral Values, Society, Spiritual Wellness, Mental Wellness

Introduction

            Defining moral values can only come from giving emphasis on the meanings of the two words that make up morals and values. Quoting, “Values are relative. It can be good or bad depending on the situation and the person. But it’s also because of this that values tend to be more personal. Morals are defined in the dictionary as a person’s standards of behaviour depending on what they think is right or not. It governs our behaviour and defines our intentions in everything that we do. It’s more than just what society thinks you should do. It’s that basic instinct of right and wrong common to all humans.” (Our Father's House Soup Kitchen, 2022)

Noting from the two definitions given, it is clear that moral values therefore are values related to how human beings live, what is important to them, and what is right in their view and in their standards. Hence, it is important to note that moral values need to be in conformity with society’s standards, the rules and laws which both dictate every action of the man. Within this context, the emphasis of strengthening moral values does not only lie on seeing what is right and wrong, of exercising freedom to act according to one’s will but reinforcing them in a way that they can be of good use in building a community filled with awareness. It is in this case that through the infusion of spiritual and mental health, man can become a critical thinker evaluating the consequences of their choice before making a course of action.

Moral Values: Basic Element for Social Order

            In a world where change can happen at the snap of a finger, there is a need to put things in order with the governing laws of the land. It is proper to place things in their proper place in the right way with the right attitudes. To speak, as globalization in a changing world happens moral values of man must be considered as a means of making society, not a place for people with diversified beliefs and cultures but as a unifying control to every man’s action fostering mutual respect, love, fairness, honesty and peace (Schroeder, et al., 2019). Taking into consideration too, that as moral values of people are in order so as society, too, knowing that each one is aware of what is right and wrong, what is acceptable in society and in the world and its purpose to society (Talwar, 2011).  Consequently, putting on the notion of an ideal society, where actions are perceived in such a way to establish morality defined by truthfulness, fairness and justice, the idea of social order is not far from achieved as long as all actions are aligned with the law and without bias.

Spiritual Wellness: Connecting to Inner Being and Life with Purpose

            As man lives, his continuous search for the meaning and purpose in life often leads him to analyze the moral values which he has. It enables him to dig deeper into his inner being as a person and as a member of the community. Questions like: How do I live? Is my life meaningful? Do I connect well with myself and others? Does it lead me to the kind of person  that I ought to be? Or Am I morally upright with the values that I have in life as a show the real me? Given these thoughts, as human beings, people tend to look inward and introspect on the life they have travelled. While examining himself, man thinks of his spiritual wellness.

Spiritual wellness gives a connection to something greater than oneself and having a set of values, principles, morals and beliefs that provide a sense of purpose and meaning in life and using them to guide one’s actions. By being spiritually well one can have the power and capability to make decisions and choosing is easier and serves as a ground when change and adversities come giving resiliency to survive with grace and inner peace. (University of New Hampshire, n.d).

            An important consideration to having spiritual wellness is the “SQ” or “Spiritual Quotient”. Spiritual Quotient allows people to discriminate, gives moral sense, an ability to temper rules with understanding and compassion, an equal ability to see when compassion and understanding have their limits and to wrestle a question between good and evil.  SQ is the intelligence which rests in that deep part of the self that I connected to wisdom from beyond the ego. With SQ, people not only recognize, existing values but will discover new values. It does not follow existing values but rather creates the very possibility of having values in question to have and to use sensitivity to wider meaning and value.  (Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. 2000). In the end, by connecting to their inner self, living meaningfully act with compassion and understanding, human beings can become mindful of their actions, and create rooms for fostering themselves and others. Thus, it dictates not only wisdom and intelligence but the ability to feel and act with a sense of morality.

Mental Health: The Ability to Think and Act with a Peaceful Mind

            Man is considered as the highest form of thinking being. He can discern and think. Hence, man is not exempted from challenging situations, which at times causes him to be at loss and think otherwise and act impulsively which is not in conformity with his sets of values and of the society. In addition, man may become a person who cannot distinguish what is right and wrong, and what is beneficial to him and his fellowmen. Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. It has intrinsic and instrumental value and is integral to our well-being. (World Health Organization, n.d)

            To be able to act well, do good things and be a principled being, there is a need to establish a strong connection between what he thinks is right and fair to all. He needs to first establish a state of being at peace with a mindset that can affect his way of thinking, emotionally and psychologically. This is where mental health comes in wherein it affects how he thinks of himself and how he copes with situations that are presented to him that need to be evaluated and acted upon, whether it be favourable or unfavourable, positive or negative. As a rational being too, there is a tendency for man to think about his behaviors towards himself and others. Connected to it, are the kind of choices made in life and how they are employed in his relationship with his fellowmen. With this, his moral values become a great factor of his thinking, knowing that the nature of his actions is deeply rooted in what he thinks in his mind and how he has set those thinking along with his ability to judge his actions after choices have been made and the consequences have been place before him.

            In some instances when a man faces the ultimate battle of his life, which is against himself, there is a need to be calm and examine himself and have control. There is also a never lose sight of faith and support. Instead, enjoy the little joys and moments of happiness that life brings, for there that there are still opportunities to remain alive. The thinking there is light at the end of the tunnel, even if it can’t be seen can eventually turn negative thinking into hope and light (Haig, 2016).

            As a result, when man becomes in tune with his thinking and can act with a peaceful mind, his moral values become a strong support to move forward, with a mindset filled with right thinking and attitudes that makes himself in the beauty of life and its purpose.

Conclusion

Moral values are important for society to function well and to become a haven for people promoting mutual understanding and respect for human existence. Though it is governed and dictated by personal values and beliefs they are essential for all to exist on a common ground. Hence, moral values are intensified and become a better source of strength for all when they are aligned with the knowledge of the inner self, drawing strength from within the spirituality of the Highest Being and conforming to every action with awareness of the end results of every choice made. Hand in hand with spirituality is keeping a thought with positivity, a balanced mentality with action and the knowledge of what is right and wrong. This is to tell that man being gifted with a mind to think with a good purpose, there is a need to stabilize a mentality of fostering a positive environment wherein freedom from all negativities leads to the formation of a positive outlook to think well and the same act in such a way to promote the well-being of all. Combining spiritual and mental health as reinforcements to the moral values of human beings, there is no doubt that life becomes not just a blessing, but a bliss filled with a purpose to live by and share. After all, life is a gift meant to be lived well but under the laws of man and of God.

References

Haig, M. (2016). Reasons to stay alive. Penguin Life.

Our Father's House Soup Kitchen. (2022, August 2). Moral values. Our Father's House Soup Kitchen. https://ofhsoupkitchen.org/moral-values

Schroeder, D., Chatfield, K., Singh, M., Chennells, R., Herissone-Kelly, P. (2019). The Four Values Framework: Fairness, Respect, Care and Honesty. In: Equitable Research Partnerships. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15745-6_3

Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being.   Free Press.

Talwar, V. (2011). Moral Behavior. In: Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_1829

University of New Hampshire. (n.d.). Health and wellness: Spiritual wellness. University of New Hampshire Press. https://www.unh.edu/health/spiritual-wellness

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Mental health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health#tab=tab_1.

Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). Spiritual intelligence: The ultimate intelligence. Bloomsbury Publishing.

 

Man as a mystery: Self and spiritual awakening according to St. Augustine

 JONAS GAJES SALVADOR

Divine Word College of Laoag-Graduate School

Abstract

This paper explores the concept of man as the mystery emphasized by St. Augustine at the Middle Ages’ theocentric stage. In line with Augustine’s philosophic-theological analysis, this review explores the hermeneutical proposition of sinfulness: humans are intrinsically evil, and reveal themselves only in fragments, with self-knowledge often possible only in the solitary subject. The stillness engages humanity’s never-ceasing fascination with conversion, personal growth, and intellectualism as exemplified by Augustine’s journey of salvation from sin, character change, and philosophical pursuit. This work incorporates Augustine’s perspective on human beings particularly the consciousness of awareness and the stirrings of the soul with contemporary psychology and spirituality.

Keywords:

St. Augustine, human mystery, self-knowledge, spirituality, Middle Ages, theo-centric, conversion, theological philosophy, psychology of faith

Introduction

The Middle Ages or theocentric era was when philosophical and theological thought concerning God and humanity’s relation to the deity coincided. St. Augustine was one of the deepest thinkers of his era, and up to now, his doctrines in Christian teaching are still useful, especially the work on the nature of man and man’s self. In the words of Augustine, man is a “great mystery” and designates the self that can be partially known by others and sometimes self-inclusive. This contemplation analyzes the nature of Augustine’s anthropology, the possibility of true self-knowledge, and theological ideas that underpin modern discussions of psychology, belief, and spirituality.

The Middle Ages and the Theo-Centric Perspective

The Middle Ages are popularly remembered when religious thought was essential to the growth of intellectuality. For Augustine, this involved studying the human's ends hierarchically, regarding their actions and thoughts directed towards God. His ways of seeing things after the conversion with Mother Monica’s Christian background focused on the belief that only one can know oneself when one has a direction towards the Almighty, O’Donnell (2021). In this period secrets of human life were thought to be part of the universal divine plan and Augustine was convinced that man could know himself only by trying to know God.

St. Augustine’s Conversion and Change

The story of Augustine’s conversion is one of the most dramatic conversion stories of Christianity. Augustine was born to a Christian mother and a Pagan father, his childhood was constant inquiries about the truth concerning life and the divine, but without internal peace, Rist (2022). His conversion, granted in good measure because of the prayers of his mother Monica, must have represented for him an inner conflict, which he later characterized as the struggle of his flesh against his spirit. His salvation and subsequent baptism for Catholics constitute spiritual regeneration and new views and values in his perception of the human place in the universe.

All men who think that Self-Knowledge is an enigmatic pursuit are right.

Unlike simple introspective self-knowledge as is personified by Aristotle, Augustine elevated self-knowledge to another level. He believed this stating that if God did not disclose the information, mankind itself would not understand what it was all about. This follows today’s psychological understanding of personality as composed of myriad layers of self, shaped by factors besides the conscious mind, Smith (2023). The Confessions of Augustine illustrates his understanding of such a man: he is simultaneously capable of knowing himself – and presenting himself as the most brilliant enigma. This view points to the notion of man not being an autonomously functioning billet, but one that is socially constructed embedded in a relationship with the divine, thus embracing both the explicit and latent self.

Augustine’s continuing relevance: influence of his ideas for the present world.

The vector analysis of Augustine’s narration shows that his concept of man as a mystery is still useful for postmodern studies. In psychology, this is like Carl Jung’s “The Shadow” assertion which holds that humans have aspects to their identities that are mostly unknown, Johnson (2020). Likewise, the current theology of social science emphasizes the social behaviours of knowledge-seeking through supernatural agents, such as purpose finding. This concept is Augustine's work and depicts Augustine’s theological orientation of people as incomplete entities in a world without something or somebody greater than them.

 Conclusion

The idea that man is a ‘‘great mystery’’ expressed by St. Augustine perfectly represents the richness, profound, and tension of the human situation between ‘‘knowledge of oneself’’ and ‘‘orientation by God’’. His philosophy and theology suggest that, though deeply contemplative, there remains in man something still partially concealed, unveiling truths that God himself made known. Wanting to trace Augustine’s journey of conversion and his method of thinking as rigorous, it is possible to show faith as a method connecting the gap between ignorance and faith.

Augustine continues to be important in current debates of psychology and spirituality to current theories like African Carl Jung’s ‘shadow’. This superimposition illustrates the constant interconnection between reason and irrationality in human personality and that one should kneel to learn the truth about oneself. Religion is a way of answering the existential question as propped up by Augustine’s notion of self-understanding being connected with God.

Lastly, the theological views of Augustine of the theocentric Middle Ages form the backdrop against which to understand human aim considering divine enigma. His blend of rationality, faith, and anthropology probes in theology and psychology. In other words, by invoking the viewpoint of orientation toward God, Augustine provides a view of mankind that is at the same time positively spiritual and not detrimentally simplistic. For this reason, his life and thoughts show the fragile connection between religion, knowledge, and the infinite path of reflecting people’s existence in historical and present contexts to learn the struggle with the essence of humanity in today and past global experiences.

 References

Johnson, R. (2020). Jung on the human psyche: Exploring the shadow, anima, and archetypes. Princeton University Press. 

O’Donnell, J. J. (2021). Augustine: A new biography. Harper Perennial. 

Rist, J. M. (2022). Augustine: Ancient thought baptized. Cambridge University Press.            

Smith, M. E. (2023). Human mystery and self-understanding: Reflections on Augustine in modern psychology. Journal of Religious and Psychological Studies, 35(2), 45-58.  

Dasein in Teaching: Bridging Borders to Connect and Inspire Learners

 DAEVAN D. VERDADERO

Divine Word College of Laoag- Graduate School

Abstract

This reflective narrative describes a teacher's journey inspired by Martin Heidegger's concept of dasein. This concept stresses the importance of caring for others and making meaningful contributions to the community. In 2016, the author became a teacher. As a teacher, the author was inspired by Dolly Parton's teaching style. Also, this narrative tells the numerous issues and challenges facing the Philippine education system, such as curriculum reforms such as the K to12 program. In addition, the impact of globalization and technological advancements on education.

Creativity and effective teaching styles are important to address several issues in education. It is also significant to note the commitment of teachers in nurturing students’ skills, values, and adaptability. This signifies that teaching styles have changed to adapt the unforeseen events such as pandemics and natural disasters. It is worthy to note the significance of empathy, adaptability, and lifelong learning in addressing these challenges.

Lastly, the narrative shows the commitment, determination, and enthusiasm of educators who continue to provide high-quality instruction despite challenges, underlining their role as adaptable and responsive educators in an evolving educational setting.

Keywords: Dasein, K to 12 curriculum, teaching

Introduction

Dasein was first proposed by Martin Heidegger, who stressed that it is based in compassion and finds purpose in improving being alive. In my opinion, every activity, no matter how big or small, has an impact on society. I began to view my work as a teacher as a significant contribution to the community as a result of this insight.

In 2016, I earned my Bachelor's degree in Secondary Education with a major in Biological Sciences from a state university in Ilocos Norte. My career as a classroom teacher began in 2016 after I passed the licensure exam. I believe that my academic training and experiences honed my skills and provided me with both traditional and modern teaching strategies, as well as a strong foundation of educational theories and philosophies. These have helped me to become a successful and capable 21st-century educator.

As a person, I am inspired by Dolly Parton's words, "Find out who you are and do it on purpose." As God's son, I will live in this world believing in what I can do rather than what others say. I will be able to achieve more as a result of this. Similarly, being true to myself will enable me to accept my flaws and turn them into strengths. Living with this philosophy is one way of understanding and appreciating oneself. As a result, I will be empathetic with others, which will have a significant impact on others because it tends to come from a heart with pure motives to become the best one can be.

Teaching is a difficult profession that requires moulding and shaping young minds to be resilient and adaptable to whatever the future holds. This task is exacerbated by the rapid pace of technological advancements that propel modern civilization. Furthermore, we live in a society that is becoming more diverse, globalized, and saturated with complex media. Similarly, classrooms have become more multicultural, requiring educators to adapt to the changing educational landscape, including the broader effects on communities and ASEAN integration

Paramount to this, education prepares students for life in this world. Amidst many emerging social issues and concerns, students need to communicate, function, and create change personally, socially, economically, and politically on local, national, and global levels. Schools thus require teachers who are competent in many ways of learning to respond individually to each student. In this sense, teachers must develop innovative teaching and learning techniques for various types of learning. Teaching and learning techniques that rely on social history and daily lives might contribute to students' varied learning processes and cultures.

Philippine Education Crisis at A Glance

Unfortunately, efforts are also underway to align the Philippine basic education system with international standards by making it relevant and responsive to both local and global contexts (DepEd, 2019). According to Philippine Business for Education (2023), 9 out of 10 children aged 10 cannot read simple texts. Additionally, systemic support gaps have left teachers overburdened, underpaid, and disheartened, driving many to seek better opportunities abroad. These factors hinder the recruitment of future educators, diminish the teaching profession’s appeal, and undermine its recognition.

The K to 12 Program, like any curricular reform, has its own set of challenges. Results from both national and international standardized assessments indicate no significant improvements in Filipino learners' academic performance (Mullis, Martin, Foy, Kelly, and Fishbein, 2020). A review of the curriculum has identified areas for improvement, offering insights into what works, what can be strengthened, and where problems persist (Department of Education, 2023).

Addressing the challenges that affect teacher performance is critical, as teachers play a vital role in student learning. Key areas requiring intervention include enhancing subject matter expertise and pedagogical skills, particularly in high school, to effectively develop the 21st-century competencies students need (DepEd, 2022).

My Dasein, My Journey as a Teacher

To tune with my dasein, fostering skills and values formation is at the heart of education. I am committed to giving students the tools they need to see their value, analyze information and situations, and effectively solve real-world problems. It means that teaching is more than covering content, learning is merely taking in, and assessment is more than accurate recall. Thus, profound understanding is assured when students are put in an actual learning environment and let them manipulate, relate, and adapt to various learning opportunities and resources available within the community. Lessons become more real-life, customized, and appropriate.

Similarly, I constantly expose my students to creative challenges, which increases their confidence and creative competence. They will build confidence to create something worthwhile, draw and develop their capacity to frame opportunities for change and form ideas emphasizing the importance of feedback and experiences.  As a result, they will become more accountable for their learning.

However, some of my current educational philosophies are no longer applicable in the learning setup caused by the pandemic and even catastrophes. As we shift to another setup, how could we engage our learners in the teaching and learning process and ensure they are learning if we are separated in the actual setup?

With the different unprecedented scenarios, empathy is required. My learners are struggling to cope with the abrupt changes, which are exacerbated by various factors such as limited materials, a lack of available learning facilitators, health issues (fear, anxiety, etc.), and others. As a teacher, I must be sensitive to their current circumstances and provide learning interventions that benefit them.

Besides, a good teacher cannot begin or continue to inspire learning unless they are a learner. As a result, a teacher is not only a teacher but also a lifelong learner. In this regard, I am convinced that I must keep the fires of knowledge, dedication, and passion burning by compiling a library of professional expertise, furthering my education, and actively attending workshops and conferences with other teachers to share ideas, practices and innovations.

It is worth emphasizing that teachers are crossing the border with a positive attitude and persistent enthusiasm to guarantee that they can continue to provide quality education despite the risks posed by the physical distribution of learning kits and modules.

Indeed, teachers' resilience, passion, and commitment during these trying times made them become the responsive teachers who cross the borders to connect the students. 

Conclusions

            The role of a teacher is incomparable. Aside from delivering quality instruction, teachers shape lives and even adapt to societal and educational demands to meet the diverse needs of students. The concept of dasein by Heidegger suggests that teaching becomes the fruit of an act of care and even a meaningful contribution to society. Based on various assessments that were conducted, the educational system in the country faces various challenges such as ratifying the curriculum, globalization and unforeseen problems like pandemics and catastrophes but teachers remain committed to fostering students’ skills, values, and resilience. Through empathy, creativity, and meaningful learning, teachers not only address the changing needs of education but also ignite transformation making an indelible ink that could last on individuals and the society as a whole.

References

Department of Education Order No. 21, s. 2019. Policy guidelines on the K-12 Basic
Education Program. Pasig City: DepEd.

Department of Education. (2022). Philippine education plan 2030. Pasig City: DepEd.

Department of Education. (2023). General shaping paper. Pasig City: DepEd.

Mullis, I., Martin, M., Foy, P., Kelly, D. and Fishbein, B. (2020). TIMSS 2019
International Results in Mathematics and Science.
Retrieved from https://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2019/international-results/ on November 15, 2024.

PBED 2023.A Report on the state of Philippine education. Retrieved from https://pbed.ph/blogs/47/PBEd/State%20of%20Philippine%20Education%20Report%202023 on November 15, 2024.