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Saturday, October 18, 2025

Understanding and Leading Gen Z Through the Lens of the Philosophy of Man

 By Grace Turqueza-Rabang

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte

Abstract

The entry of Generation Z (Gen Z) into the workforce marks a significant generational shift, with the landscape of leadership undergoing a transformation. Bringing in new traits, values, and work expectations, leaders must understand this generation and adapt leadership styles to meet them where they are. Gen Zs are known to be tech-savvy and digitally fluent, value authenticity and transparency, are independent but collaborative, seek continuous growth and learning, prefer feedback and open communication, and care about mental health and work-life balance. Martin Buber’s I-Thou philosophy and Aristotle’s virtue ethics are important philosophies to consider in understanding and leading Gen Z. Leaders must lead with authenticity and transparency, must encourage participation and dialogue, integrate tech tools for collaboration and adapt flexible work hours, if possible, and advocate for work-life balance to have a creative, loyal, and powerful agents of positive change into the workplace of this generation.

Keywords: Gen Z, philosophy of man, leadership, Aristotle, Martin Buber, workplace

Introduction

The entry of Generation Z (Gen Z) into the workforce marks a significant generational shift, introducing new dynamics and expectations in the workplace culture (Schroth, 2019). According to Xueyun et al (2023), by 2050, Gen Z (aged 18-28) is anticipated to surpass millennials in numbers. Understanding their workplace dynamics and the exploration of effective leadership styles are imperative, considering that a significant portion of millennials are projected to retire by 2050.

Gen Z are individuals born approximately between 1995 and 2010 (Goh & Lee, 2018). They come after the Generation Y, people born between the 1980s to early 1990s, who are sometimes referred to as Gen Y or the Millennials.  While Gen Z shares many traits with the Millennial Generation, they also bring in new patterns of behavior. Managers today not only have to understand how to best manage youthful, inexperienced employees, but also the unique characteristics of the generation shaped by their experiences (Schroth, 2019).

Different generations have experienced the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in varied ways (Schawbel, 2020). However, according to Goh and Baum (2021), it is evident that Generation Z’s experience of the pandemic was overwhelmingly negative, primarily due to the challenging transition into adulthood, both personally and professionally. This transition was fraught with difficulties and significantly affected their mental well-being (Xueyun et al, 2023). To better lead this generation of workforce, leaders must understand their traits, behavior ,and culture that they bring with them in the workplace.

Key Traits of Gen Z in the Workplace

Gen Zers are known to be tech-savvy, individualistic, and socially aware. Unlike previous generations, Gen Z has grown up in an era of rapid technological advancement and societal change, resulting in distinct values and expectations toward work (Tulgan, 2019). They are the generations who are known to be always on their phone, always updated with the latest technology. The research conducted by Lazányi and Bilan (2017) showed that technology played a crucial role in enhancing the productivity of Gen Z, who relied on digital tools to collaborate, communicate, and manage their work time efficiently.

According to Francis and Hoefel (2018), Gen Zers value individual expression and avoid labels. They mobilize themselves for a variety of causes. They believe profoundly in the efficacy of dialogue to solve conflicts and improve the world. Finally, they make decisions and relate to institutions in a highly analytical and pragmatic way.

Research conducted by Raslie and Ting (2021) described that Gen Z had distinct work expectations characterized by a desire for frequent and instantaneous feedback, a preference for open communication, and a strong emphasis on work-life balance and meaningful engagement in their roles. This explains the feedback from leaders that Gen Zers are vocal and straightforward. They usually say anything they have in their minds, contrary to other generations who have to think twice or remain silent before they speak up.

Gen Zers seek meaning and authenticity. According to Xueyun et. al. (2023), Gen Z work expectations were fundamentally shaped by their desire for supportive work environments, job security, and clear opportunities for career development, which collectively played a crucial role in influencing intention to stay with an organization and reducing the possibility of ‘quiet quitting’.

Philosophy of Man Insights

Understanding and leading the Generation Z in the workplace requires a deep understanding of their traits, personalities, and behavior. Martin Buber’s “I-Thou” philosophy provides a deeply human-centered perspective on leadership and connection.

Gen Zers value authenticity, inclusion, purpose, and deep connection. Viewing them through Martin Buber’s I-Thou lens helps leaders see them not just as “workers” or “employees”, but as persons with lived experiences, ideas, and emotions. With the I-Thou approach, leaders recognize the personhood behind the employee, not just their function. Others view Gen Zs as lazy and don’t last long in the company. But a leader viewing it through the lens of Martin Buber’s philosophy will understand that they are individuals seeking meaning, growth, and belonging, so they tend to hop from one company to another if their needs are not met. To retain this brilliant generation, a leader must adapt to their needs and adjust their leadership styles.

I-Thou relationship thrives on reciprocity, mutuality, and authenticity. These are the things Gen Z values highly. They value transparency, open communication, and mutual participation. A leader with an I-Thou framework is transparent about challenges and company goals, will engage in a genuine dialogue through open conversations, and encourage sharing or contribution of ideas to make them feel seen and valued.

In addition, Generation Z values authenticity, integrity, and ethical leadership. These traits align perfectly with Aristotle’s virtue ethics. He believed that becoming a virtuous person is consistently doing good habits repeatedly. Gen Zs respect leaders who walk their talk. A leader who practices Aristotle’s philosophy is ethical and is habitually practices virtues such as courage, honesty, temperance, and justice.

Aristotle’s virtue ethics, which focuses on moral character and ethical action, will develop integrity, purpose, and balanced leadership – something valued highly by the Gen Zers.

Martin Buber’s I-Thou philosophy and Aristotle’s virtue ethics are important philosophies to inform in understanding, dealing, and leading Generation Z.

Leading Gen Z

Dearlove and Humphries (2024) stated that the landscape of leadership is undergoing a profound transformation with the entry of Gen Z in the workforce. They say that leading the Gen Z requires a constant effort because, as employees, they are different from the older generations – Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. This generation is distinguished by unique experiences and characteristics shaped by rapid technological advancements and impactful global events. Gen Z is often described as ‘digital natives’ because of extensive engagement with technology and is entering the workforce during a period of significant transformation (Deloitte Insights, 2017).

Leading the Gen Zers is both challenging and transforming. The leader of an office composed of different generations must be able to implement different leadership styles unique to every individual or generation he/she leads.

A leader must lead with authenticity and transparency. When leaders are transparent about challenges, open about feedback, and honest about company goals, Gen Zers respond with engagement and loyalty. Research conducted by Pandita and Khatwani (2022) showed that the supervisor’s support played a crucial role in keeping Gen Z engaged and motivated. The research emphasized the need to create an environment where Gen Z could thrive and contribute to future business success. 

Leaders must encourage participation and dialogue. They appreciate collaborative leadership. Dolot's (2018) research findings revealed that this generation favors collaborative leaders who provide continuous feedback and avoid overly hierarchical structures. In addition, they value constant learning and skill development over traditional hierarchy.

Celestin and Vanitha (2020) recommend that leaders create opportunities for growth and advancement to fulfill Gen Z’s ambition and career-oriented mindset, thereby improving retention and fostering a culture of continuous development. They must guide values and characters, not just skills. Leaders who mentor, not just supervise, inspire loyalty among Gen Zers.

Lastly, Gen Zs are digitally fluent and prefer hybrid or adaptable work setups and place a high value on work-life balance. Leaders must integrate tech tools for collaboration and allow hybrid or flexible work options. Allow the Gen Zs to do the work in their own terms, focus on the output, instead of micromanaging time. The study of Hess & Jepsen (2016) indicated that Gen Z is notably inclined toward achieving a meaningful work-life balance, often placing it above financial compensation. According to the study, this generation values flexible work schedules and mental well-being initiatives, both of which are seen as essential for job satisfaction. A tech-savvy, flexible workplace attracts and retains Gen Z talent.

Conclusion

Generation Z is slowly dominating the workplace. As the workforce shifts from the old generations (Baby Boomers and Millennials) to the new generation (Generation Z), given their unique values and work expectations, companies and leaders must adapt and be open to the challenges of leading them.

To understand and lead Gen Z, leaders must move from transaction to relational leadership – from I-It to I-Thou. Gen Z needs leaders who balance individuality and community. When they feel genuinely seen, heard, and valued, they respond with authenticity, creativity, and commitment.

True leadership is human-centered and meaningful. Aristotle’s virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of integrity, wisdom, and ethical leadership to cultivate the moral character and create a respectful and loyal Generation Z workforce.

By combining Buber’s relational approach and Aristotle’s virtue-centered perspective, leadership becomes personal and purposeful. In this way, leading Gen Z transforms from a challenge into an opportunity to navigate and mold a generation of future leaders and build a workplace grounded in respect, moral responsibility and shared accountability.

References

Celestin M. & Vanitha N. (2020). Gen Z in the Workforce: Strategies for Leading the Next Generation, 5 th International Conference on Recent Trends in Arts, Science, Engineering & Technology, Organized By DK International Research Foundation, ISBN Number: 978-81-947057-3-4, Page Number 127- 134.

Dearlove, D. & Humphries, L. (2024). Connectedness: How the Best Leaders Create Authentic Human Connection in a Disconnected World. 

Deloitte Insights. (2017). Generation Z enters the workforce with generational and technological challenges in entry-level jobs. Deloitte Insights. Retrieved from

https://www.deloitte.com/insights

Dolot, A. (2018). Leadership preferences among Generation Z. Journal of International Studies,

11(3), 48-58.

Francis, T., & Hoefel, F. (2018). True Gen’: Generation Z and its implications for companies.

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Goh, E. & Baum, T. (2021). Job perceptions of Generation Z hotel employees towards working In Covid-19 quarantine hotels: The role of meaningful work. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1688–1710. https://doi. org/ 10. 1108/ IJCHM- 11- 2020- 1295

Goh, E., & Lee, C. (2018). A workforce to be reckoned with: The emerging pivotal Generation Z hospitality workforce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 20-28.

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Hess, N., & Jepsen, D. (2016). Work-life balance expectations of Generation Z: A qualitative case study in Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 41(3), 344-362.

Lazányi, K., & Bilan, Y. (2017). Generetion Z on the labour market – Do they trust others within their workplace?. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 16(1), 78–93.https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2017.16.1.07

Pandita, D., & Khatwani, R. (2022). Creating sustainable engagement practices for generation Z: Role of CSR in organizations. Journal of Statistics Applications and Probability, 11(1), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.18576/jsap/110118

Raslie, H., & Ting, S.H. (2021). Gen Y and gen Z communication style. Estudios de Economía  Aplicada, 39(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i1.4268

Ruiz Vázquez, M., Rodríguez González, F., & Trujillo Reyes, J. (2024). Personality and leadership style in generation z: A quantitative study in a higher education institution in Mexico. Intangible Capital, 20(1), 170-192. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2383

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